Pakistan's former prime minister Nawaz Sharif looked poised today to return to office with a resounding election victory — a mandate that could make it easier to tackle the country's daunting problems, including growing power cuts, weak economic growth and shaky finances.
Questions remain, however, about Mr Sharif’s stance on another key issue: violent Islamic extremism.
Critics have accused his party of being soft on radicals because it has not cracked down on militant groups in its stronghold of Punjab province.
The United States has pushed Pakistan for years to take stronger action against Islamic militants whose fighters stage cross-border attacks against American troops in Afghanistan.
As unofficial returns rolled in a day after the election, state TV estimates put Mr Sharif close to the majority in the national assembly needed to govern outright for the next five years.
Even if he falls short of that threshold, independent candidates almost certain to swing in Sharif’s favour would give his Pakistan Muslim League-N party a ruling majority.
That would put the Mr Sharif (63), in a much stronger position than the outgoing Pakistan People’s Party, which ruled for five years with a weak coalition that was often on the verge of collapse.
Pakistan suffers from a growing energy crisis, with some areas experiencing power cuts for up to 18 hours a day. That has seriously hurt the economy, pushing growth below 4 per cent a year. The country needs a growth rate of twice that to provide jobs for its expanding population of 180 million.
Ballooning energy subsidies and payments to keep failing public enterprises afloat have steadily eaten away at the government's finances, forcing the country to seek another unpopular bailout from the International Monetary Fund. Pakistan also has an ineffective tax system, depriving the government of funds.
Mr Sharif, the son of a wealthy industrialist, is seen by many as more likely to tackle the country’s economic problems effectively because much of his party’s support comes from businessmen. He is also expected to push for better relations with Pakistan’s arch-enemy and neighbour India, which could help the economy.
The Pakistan People’s Party was widely perceived to have done little on the economic front.
“Anything better than zero and you have already improved on the PPP’s performance in terms of managing the economy,” said Cyril Almeida, a columnist for Pakistan’s Dawn newspaper.
The former ruling party was soundly beaten in Saturday’s election. Mr Sharif’s party was leading in contests for 127 seats, just short of the 137 directly elected seats needed to form a majority, state TV said.
The PPP was ahead in contests for 32 national assembly seats, a significant drop from the 91 seats the party won in the 2008 election.
Independent candidates were leading in more than 20 contests, and they historically join the party that forms the government, which would leave the Pakistan Muslim League-N with a majority.
It was a remarkable comeback for the two-time prime minister, who was toppled in a 1999 coup by then-army chief General Pervez Musharraf and was sent into exile in Saudi Arabia for years. He returned in 2007 and his party came in second in elections the following year.
Over the last five years, Sharif put steady pressure on the PPP-led government, but because he was wary of army interference, he never applied enough pressure to threaten the government’s hold on power.
That attitude helped enable parliament to complete its term and transfer power in democratic elections for the first time since the country was founded in 1947.
US president Barack Obama praised "the historic peaceful and transparent transfer of civilian power".
In an ironic twist, Mr Musharraf, the man who toppled Mr Sharif in a military coup, , is currently under house arrest after returning from self-imposed exile. Mr Sharif’s government will have to decide whether to bring treason charges against Mr Musharraf in the Supreme Court.
Mr Sharif's party managed to weather a serious challenge from former cricket star Imran Khan, whose criticism of traditional politicians energised the youth. Even though Mr Khan failed to deliver his promised "political tsunami", his Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf party did much better than it had historically.
It was leading in contests for 31 national assembly seats, state TV said, and appeared to be in position to possibly form the government in north-west Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The party boycotted elections in 2008 and only won one national assembly seat in 2002.
Mr Khan claimed in a video message that there was vote rigging in Punjab and in the southern city of Karachi. The election commission has said it is investigating reports of problems with the election in Karachi and is re-doing the vote at 40 polling stations in one constituency of the city.
The Pakistani Taliban, which has been waging a bloody insurgency against the government, tried to derail the election with attacks. More than 150 people were killed with guns and bombs in the run-up to the election, including 29 on election day.
Mr Sharif has called for negotiations with the Pakistani Taliban but has not said clearly whether he thinks army operations against the militants should continue until peace is achieved.
It’s also unclear what Sharif’s policy will be towards neighbouring Afghanistan, where the US plans to withdraw most of its combat troops by 2014 and is seeking help from Pakistan to negotiate peace with the Afghan Taliban.
Afghan President Hamid Karzai promised "full co-operation" with Pakistan's new government, but alluded to the often-hostile relationship between the two countries and suspicions that Islamabad has aided militants and contributed to Afghanistan's instability.
“We hope that the new elected government provides the ground for peace and brotherhood with Afghanistan” and co-operates “in rooting out terrorist sanctuaries,” he said.
PA