EU interior ministers are pushing ahead with plans to finance camps in Africa, where the UN refugee agency and aid groups would process migrants to prevent them from trying to cross the Mediterranean to Europe.
The sea crossing from Libya to Italy, operated by people smugglers, is now the main route for migrants seeking better lives in wealthy Europe, but the EU wants to shut it down and admit only refugees. In 2016 alone, more than 4,500 people are known to have drowned trying to make the crossing.
The European Union has deployed a naval mission in the Mediterranean and is training the Libyan coastguard to cut the numbers attempting the journey. Now it also wants to return migrants plucked from the sea to where they came from.
“The idea is to send them to a safe place, without bringing them into Europe,” German Interior Minister Thomas de Maizière told reporters in the Maltese capital Valletta on Thursday.
“The people taken up by the smugglers need to be saved and brought to a safe place, but then from this safe place outside Europe we would bring into Europe only those who require protection.”
Screen migrants
The camps in Libya or its neighbours would be run by the UN refugee agency UNHCR or the International Organisation for Migration (IOM). They would screen the migrants and help return those not eligible for asylum to their home countries.
Most of those taking the Libya-Italy route are regarded as economic migrants with no chance of winning asylum in the EU.
Since the influx of more than a million people in 2015, many of them fleeing the Syrian conflict, the EU has tightened border controls, making it increasingly hard for migrants and asylum seekers alike to enter the bloc.
It is also offering money and other assistance to countries along the migration routes in the Middle East and Africa in the hope that fewer people will seek to leave their homes or will be stopped on the way before they embark for Europe.
The idea of financing camps in Africa enjoys wide political backing in the EU, but poses legal and security challenges.
Libya sank into chaos following the 2011 overthrow of veteran ruler Muammar Gadafy, and the new UN-backed government in Tripoli exercises no control over its territory.
Such lawlessness means that returning refugees to Libya would likely violate international law, which prohibits sending people back to a place where their lives could be in danger.
That is why the EU needs the UNHCR and IOM to create sites there that could be deemed as meeting international standards.
Under high risk
A group of leftist European lawmakers criticised the plan, saying it was inhumane, cynical and unacceptable. “Even more refugees will be locked up in north Africa under high risk of torture, rape and other forms of ill treatment,” said German MEP Cornelia Ernst.
Similar issues were raised around an EU deal with Turkey last year. Despite criticism, the EU went ahead and the agreement slashed the number of people – mainly fleeing the war in Syria – leaving from Turkey for Greece.
Five EU states invoked the migration crisis in slapping emergency border controls inside what should normally be the bloc’s zone of free travel. Three of them, Germany, Norway and Austria, already said they want to keep them in place.