Human Rights Watch has urged Japan to drop its requirement that transgender people be sterilised to have their gender changed on official documents.
A 2004 law says people wishing to register a gender change must have their original reproductive organs removed and have a body that “appears to have parts that resemble the genital organs” of the gender they want to register.
The Supreme Court in January rejected an appeal by a transgender man who wanted legal recognition without undergoing surgery, although the court acknowledged that the practice restricts freedom and could become out of step with changing social values.
Human Rights Watch said the compulsory sterilisation requirement is abusive and outdated.
A report released by the international rights group on Wednesday said requiring invasive and irreversible medical procedures violates the rights of transgender people who want their gender identity legally recognised.
“Japan’s government needs urgently to address and fundamentally revise the legal recognition process that remains anchored to a diagnostic framework that fails to meet international standards,” the report said.
‘Disorder’
It added that the law, which still defines gender incongruence as a “disorder”, is out of step with international medical standards.
The group based its report on interviews with 48 transgender people and legal, medical and other experts in Japan.
It said the country has fallen behind globally in recognising transgender rights and still enforces “outdated, discriminatory and coercive policies”.
Japanese society has a growing awareness of sexual diversity but it is often superficial.
Pressure for conformity forces many LGBT people to hide their sexual identity even from their families, and transgender people often have high obstacles to living outside traditional gender roles.
Prime minister Shinzo Abe and his ultra-conservative supporters have campaigned to restore a paternalistic society based on heterosexual marriages.
Legislators in the ruling party have been repeatedly criticised for discriminatory remarks about LGBT people.
One said earlier this year that “a nation would collapse” if everyone became LGBT, and another said last year that the government should not use tax money for LGBT rights as those couples are not “productive”. – PA